Growth And Development Reflection English Language Essay

Growth And Development Reflection position Language EssayThrough the video lectures in this course and the preceding course, I confine gained a great deal of new knowledge that pull up stakes assist me in being a better teacher to my English speech communication learners. The top five ideas that will stick with me byout the rest of my teaching c atomic number 18er include Krashens emotive Filter, Cummins Common Underlying Language attainment theory (CULP), the importance of being a Cultur every(prenominal)y Responsive teacher, the Four Domains of Language, and how to Differentiate Instruction.I am non a fluent Spanish speaker, only if after teaching at a school with a high ELL student population and taking many conversational Spanish classes Ive picked up liberal of the language to help me get by. However, I still do not feel flourishing speaking Spanish in front of my peers, students, or their p arents. The Affective Filter theory (Krashen, 1981) helped to explain the rea sons why I was so uncomfortable in speaking the Spanish language around others. I finally commiserate why some of my students arent picking up the English language as fast as others. They may set out the skills necessary to communicate in English, barely they lack the self confidence and motivation needed to try something new such as learning a new language. It can be really intimidating to learn a new language. not only are you trying to transfer your native language skills into a new langauge, but you too have to worry about your accent, grammar and correct pronunciation. The fear of qualification a mistake can hinder the process of acquiring a second language therefore, I will try to lower my students affective filter by making my ELL students feel as comfortable as possible when speaking English. I will try to speak more Spanish around them so they can see that they arent the only ones trying to learn something new. We will go through the learning process together and they will know that it is okay to make a mistake.I truly belive in the Common Underlying Language advancement (CULP) theory developed by Cummins (1991). Ive seen first hand that when my students are proficient in their native language, it makes it easier for them to transfer those skills into the English language. Ive had some students come to me with little or no native (L-1) language skills. Its a very long and difficult process to help those students acquire the English language since they have virtually no knowledge base to work with. Its almost like teaching an infant a new language only more challanging since you cant spend all of your time running(a) one-on-one with just that student. You cant give them all the attention they need in order to catch them up to the rest of their peers. Also, you have no control over what happens when they leave the classroom. Most of those students get no expo accepted to the English language once they go home.The course lectures have taught me h ow historic it is to be a ethnically responsive teacher (Gay, 2000). In the past, I have tried to incorporate a lot of my students socialization into my lessons. However, I have not done a very good job of teaching them about cultures other than their own. I have a few non-Hispanic students in my classroom whose cultures Ive neglected this year. I put too much emphasis on my Hispanic students and did not do a very good job of making my students aware of all the other cultures throughout the world. Now that I am more aware of what it means to be culturally responsive I will do a better job with the students I have next school year. I plan on teaching them about the Italian culture since that is my heritige. I overly would like my students to do a research project on themselves. They would get to interview their family members, bring in pictures about their life, and present their findings to the class. Not only would this activity give the students a chance to find out more about themselves, but it would also teach my students to appreciate the event that we are all unique.The Four Domains of Language are listening, speaking, reading and writing. I learned that listening and reading are receptive while speaking and writing are expressive forms of language.I find that many of my ELL students have great receptive language, but are lacking when it comes to expressive language. I can attribute that to the fact that we spend so much time trying to teach our ELL students the rules of the English language such as phonological awareness, phonics and vocabulary. As a result, we dont put affluent emphasis on fluency or writing. My ELL students are able to decode and can read in English if I were to put a gradation level passage in front of them, but they are not fluent and would have a very difficult time writing a summary of the text they just read. In order to address the lack of expressive language, I conduct timed fluency checks will all of my students on a reg ular basis. My students chart the amount of words they read in a minute and are constantly trying to increase their fluency. I also have a fluency center in which my students can work on their rate and accuracy through the use of repeated readings. They enjoy working with a partner and listening to each other read. We also do a lot of readers theatre, poetry and plays to work on making them more comfortable with speaking the English language. In the area of writing, we use graphic organizers in every core curriculum area. My students also have a journal in which they have five minutes of free writing each day. I want them to have as much practice as possible in the areas of reading, listening, speaking and writing so they will be proficient in all four domains of language.Finally, in the area of differentiated instruction I see Ive come the farthest. With the influx of Response to Intevention/Instruction (RTI), Ive made more of an effort to differentiate my instruction not just for my ELL students but for all my students. I not only take into account my students language codes when planning a lesson, but now I also look at their proficiency levels and background cultural factors. When I plan center activities I now try to have lessons that will fit the needs of all my students. I want to challenge my advanced learners as well as provide activities that will make my below grade level students feel successful. For whole group lessons, I make sure to tap into my students prior knowledge of a subject, set the stage for learning, place a large emphasis on vocabulary, incorporate graphic organizers, provide realia, and regard higher level thinking questions. These are great strategies not just for ELL students, but for all students.

Understanding crowd behaviour

Understanding crusade behaviourThere are many vague definitions of the term a concourse one of which is be as by the Oxford Dictionary() as a great(p) number of people ga thered together, usually without orderly arrangement and Le Bon (200615) defines a push as a gathering of individuals of whatever nationality, profession or sex and whatever be chances that have brought them together.The Oxford Dictionary() also defines behaviour as a manner of behaving or the response of an organism to a stimulus in regards to this publications the stimulus could be the emotions of others, or a shared out experience at heart the work party, or factors alter to emotions within individuals in a crowd.Getz (2007293) states that understanding crowd emotions and behaviour is essential for most facts But Crowd management, however, is not simply achieved by attempting to control the audience, exactly by trying to understand their behaviour and the various factors which can affect this. (HSE, 200946) It is also noted in the HSE (2009) that the behaviour of crowds at events is determined by their take personal goals and motivations.This literature review impart look at the frameworks behind three theories of crowd behaviour, as it is imperative to understand the psychological behaviour of crowds (Kendall 2008545).The theories come to are--Classic theories Contagion possibility intersection Theory-Emergent- Norm TheoryIt will seek to identify key factors that can change behaviour within crowds and the impacts these can have on outdoor events.The literature underpinning inquiry into crowd behaviour stems from disciplines such as psychology and sociology, with an apparent lack of recent research into crowd behaviours at large outdoor events.Crowd Behaviour TheoriesIt is noted that the two classical theories that are reviewed, are the foundations of what has been formed today, they have evolved over time, that it is provided as an overview of crowd behaviour theories.Co ntagion TheoryThere are two key authors of the Group Mind theory,Le bonFreudIt is important to recognise that the widely cited works of Gustave Le Bon, from his 1895 book, The Crowd was based on his observations of crowds during the French revolution, and are a long way from the crowds that are experienced today.Le Bon (2006) stated that crowds were protect by the anonymity of crowds and that individual responsibility was discarded, consequently forgetting their normal values and ability to think and to reason. He also assessed that ideas and emotions within the crowd became contagious and deal out rapidly.However Reicher (2003186) suggests that transmitting theory is an affect of suggestibility, and that an individual sacrifices personal interest in favour of the collective interest of the crowdIt is then understood that Individuals within crowds are more likely to involve themselves in antisocial behaviour as the anonymity provided put ons them feel invulnerable, it is this c ollective behaviour that is understood to be chimerical and that individuals will undertake actions within a crowd environment that they would normally resist.Freud believed that the crowd Unlocks the unconscious and that in normal daily situations moral standards are well-kept because they are installed in the human psyche as the super ego. However in a crowd situation the leader of the group surpasses the super ego and now controls the unconscious, leading to uncivilised impulses (Hewstone Manstead, 1996152)CriticismsMy understanding of this theory is that it does not identify as to why some crowds become violent and other remain passive.2. Convergence TheoryConvergence theorists such as, Reicher (1984), and McPhail (1991), argue that individuals within a crowd do not loose personal identity, as stated in the contagion theory, but they communicate personal beliefs and values so that the crowds behaviour is that of similar feeling.It is understood that convergence theory is more rational as it focuses on the shared beliefs and emotions within a crowd. It is possible that individual can exploit the protection of being in a crowd to participate in behaviours that would normally be repressed.CriticismsHowever it does not give way to why individuals in this crowd, who share similar beliefs, behave differently.Emergent-Norm TheoryKey Authors identified-Turner and KillianTurner and Killian (1993) as cited in Kendall (2008547) concede that crowds are understood to develop their own definition of a situation and therefore establish their own norms -social rules that specify appropriate and hostile behaviour in given situations (Sharpe, 2007508 )that reflect the occasion and provide standards that allow decisions to be made about how people will interact with each other. (Sharpe,2007)Adang et al (2004) identifies that in every crowd you can spot individuals doing such things as initiating chats, shouting directions and in extreme cases initiating violence. FIND TH EORY IN TURNER AND KILLIANEmergent-Norm Theory argues that the appearance of unanimity among the participants in incidents of collective behaviour accompanies the emergence of dominant norms and according to this theory, once a dominant norm emerges group members disagreeing with it keep restrained out of fear of group censure (Aguire et al, 1998) rephraseAnalysis of theoriesFactors of Crowd BehaviourBerlonghi (1995) argues that by simply saying a crowd is a large number of people gathered closely together is a mistake and that it essential to distinguish one individual from another. By being unable to make distinctions about the crowd it leaves crowd control and crowd management ineffective. He also recognises those events that are a success, that never become publicised are they the issuing of effective planning, or simply the result of good luck.Crowd CatalystsIt would appear that there are a multitude of factors that can influence behaviours between individuals in a crowd. Ber longhi (1995) has identified factors that may contribute to, or trigger a crowd from being one that is managed to one that needs to be controlled.Operational wadLack of parking, sold out event, and no show of performers are all examples of factors that can modify a crowds behaviour, an example of how crowd behaviour changed can be identified by The Rage Factor a Rage Against The Machine gig, which took place in Finsbury Park in 2010. Tickets were available by Ballot to lionize the campaign that got the band to number one the previous Christmas. 180,000 people had applied for tickets with only 40,000 being available. It is reported that several hundred fans scaled the fence. (Gittins, 2010)Reading fiesta has been forced to apply for extension to the number of early bird tickets allowing 20,000 people to arrive before the stated start of the event this was due to an ever-increasing amount of festival goers arriving at the festival entrance prior to the event over the last few year s. (Reading Borough Council, 2010)Event ActivitiesFireworks, video replays, and lasers may provoke actions within the crowd.Performers Action versed or violent gestures towards the crowds, Latitude festival 2010 witnessed an attack on the crowd, with Crystal Castles front women appearing to lash out after allegedly being groped by a male fan as she was crowd surfing. The singer repeatedly threw punches into the crowd and subsequently she stormed off stage before the allotted time, with widespread booing from the nates of the fields (NME, 2010)The HSE (1999) states that event organisers should be aware of the history of the performers and also the audience which they attract.Spectator factorsAnti social behaviour can impact a crowd not just the individual, and is having an impact in how events are being delivered (Connell, 2009). Kemp et al (2007) as cited in Connell (2009) have identified that alcohol and drugs are a major factor in determining crowd behaviour.The Guardian (2010) reported that at T in the Park festival in Kinross-shire, Scotland, there were 2 rapes and an move murder. Some festival goers believe a major part of the problem is a changing demographic among those attending, with drinking and drug taking surpassing the medicinal drug. surety or PoliceUse of excessive policing, arguments with attendees and abuse of authority can spark aggression within the crowd.It has become increasingly accepted that the outcome of crowd events cannot be explained solely on what crowd members do, but must also address police actions (Adang, 2004). It is usual to use police to control a crowd but this often then leads to confrontation with the police (Argyle, 1992).Man Made DisastersStructural failure can be problematic not just for those at a time injured, but by crowd surges fleeing the event. Crowd surges are often reported at both small and large events, and can be catastrophic.ConclusionThe firsthand focus of this review is to understand crowd behaviour s and factors which can impact the outcome of a crowds behaviour. Once the variable factor has caused an impact, it is then the individuals within the crowd that will react to the stimulus, and form themselves into the parameters of crowd behaviour that have been outlined by theorists.It is evident that there are factors within all three theories that can be imparted into observations within crowds at music festivals it is possible to envisage actions at outdoor music events that can be explained by these theories, however much of the recent literature simply reiterated these theorists with an apparent lack of observation towards currents trends and attitudes in society.The effects of crowd behaviour within outdoor music events can be catastrophic should event managers not take into consideration the factors that can affect the behaviour of both small and large crowds. If event managers fail to understand individuals within a crowd, and the probable that they have to physically cha nge the dynamics of the crowd around them, they face disastrous consequences.RecommendationsIn 2010 there were over 450 music festivals alone in the UK (Winterman, 2010) and there has been little research into Anti Social Behaviour at events including the motives of gatecrashers at events attendees attempting to enter events without a ticket and the consequences that such actions can have on crowd safety at events.None of the theories above draw attention to why some crowds are organised and others spontaneous, by looking at the motivations of individuals at music festivals we may begin to further understand anti social behaviour at these events.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Downfall Due to Ambition and Human Weakness :: Free Macbeth Essays

Macbeth Downfall Due to Ambition and Human Weakness          William Shakespeare through one of his most well cognize playsportrays a tragic downfall of a king through his ambition and humanweakness.  Shakespeare develops the play Macbeth by showing the changes inthe protagonist and the effects early(a)s study on him.         Shakspeares use of detail helps to show the changes in Macbeththrough a gradual process.  Before actually completing his horrendous actof killing the ofttimes loved King Duncan, Macbeth suffers mental conflicthaving no spurs to prick the side of my intent between the vaultingambition which leaps over itself and falls on the other and the deepdamnation of his (Duncans) taking off.  At this point in time, scene 7 ofthe first act, Macbeth exposes sensitivity and knowledge of what he may dois wrong.  perhaps the one time when the reader can relate to Macbeth thebest, it is seen that he is very hesitant of his action, but what overtakes him is the human flaw of ambition.  As time progresses andShakespeare shows Macbeths initial fear of Banquo  but as his mindbecomes engulfed in the his best friends murder he labels him as yourenemy and making sure that he is left no rubs nor botches in the workMacbeth is obviously afraid of experiencing the same emotional trauma ofhis first murder.  Although he think he is solving his problems, hisdamnation is ever progressing by making being indirectly involved in themurder of his one time best friend and father of a line of kings.  Thereader sees how ones go for for self - power can destroy himself completely.         Shakespeares diction through other characters in the play alsohelp to portray Macbeths break down.  In the beginning, when Macbeth withaldepicts his sensitivity and morality, Ladys Macbeth almost forces Macbethto do the deed calling him a coward in thine own esteem, mocking himsaying, you durst do it then you were a man, and comparing him to a babythat milks me.  Lady Macbeth serves as on of Macbeths contrastingcharacters.  It is with her biting tougne that Macbeth is inspired toachieve his ambition in becoming king.  In the beginning of the play withthe leash weird sisters the first idea introduced is their meeting withMacbeth when the battles lost and won. upon this meeting, macbeth pleads,tell me more you imperfect sisters later on one of the witches chimes,by the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this charge comes.  Throughthe witches characters, the peculiar chants, the reader knows the power

The Princess Bride Screenplay Essay examples -- William Goldman essays

William Goldman made a number of changes in the development of The Princess Bride screenplay. The changes Goldman were not subtle, because when you transubstantiate a book into a movie there are major adaptations that must be made for a movie to be successful. The changes may motivate the quality of the movie in comparison to the novel. This report is going explain the three most authoritative changes and how these affected our view and appreciation of the story.The most significant difference between the book and the movie, was that the narrative parts of the book which display the characters thoughts were removed. The book describes what the characters where feeling and thinking, which brought us closer to them. When we know what the character feels and thinks, the story becomes a three-dimens...

Death by Cell-Phone Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Death by Cell-Ph unrivaledImagine being in the passenger seat of a car on a dull street in Atlanta. At about 400 A.M. a cell phone begins to ring then the driver reaches down to grab the phone. Within the adjacent few moments, the driver loses control of the car. The car wraps around a telephone poll. This isnt a dream. In fact, it was reality for model Niki Taylor in May of 2001. fit to the USA Today, Niki Taylor was seriously injured in this accident with extensive damage to her liver and abdomen. just about people who remember this incident might not deal that the cause of it was a cell-phone. This accident, however, is just one example of the dangers that are involved when someone uses their cell phone while operating a motor vehicle. many an(prenominal) people just sit back and think that this could never happen to them, but have they ever thought about how well they really deport attention to the road when they are on their cell-phone? It is proven that people lecture ing on their cell phone cannot fully control his/her vehicle while paltry stated in the Consumers Research Magazine. The use of a cell phone also can reduce the drivers physical control--one hand on the steering wheel, one hand on the phone--which reduces response capability during an emergency.Cell phones have become increasingly popular over the years especially through college age students. Most college students cannot afford to pay a phone bill at their house or in their dorm, so they keep a cell phone to talk to friends or family back home. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), drivers between the ages of 20 and 54 accounted for 81 percent of the accidents reviewed. Some 72 percent of those talking on a cell phone at the time of acci... ...o State U lib. 5 March, 2003. http//search.epnet.comMathias, Craig. Dumb and Dumber. Electronic Engineering time 1176 (Fall 2001). ) schoolman Search Premier. Colorado State U lib. 5 March, 2003. http//sear ch.epnet.comMoore, Larry R Moore, Gregory S. The impact of cell phones on driver safety. Professional Safety. 46 (Summer 2001). EBSCO Academic Search Premier. Colorado State U Lib. 30 march,2003. Ropeik, David Gray, George. Cell Phones and Driving How risky? Consumers Research Magazine, 86 (Winter 2003). Academic Search Premier. Colorado State U Lib. 5 March, 2003. Schwartz, Epharim. Its time for drivers to defend the (wireless) right to bear cell phones. InfoWorld 22 (Summer 2002). EBSCO Academic Search Premier. Colorado State U Lib. 30 march,2003. http//search.epnet.com

New Criticism Analysis of My Papa’s Waltz :: Literary Analysis

New Criticism attracts many readers to its methodologies by enticing them with clearly laid out steps to follow in pasture to criticize any work of literature. It dismisses the use of all outside sources, asserting that the only way to truly contemplate a poem efficiently is to stress purely on the vocalizes in the poem. For this interpretation I followed all the steps necessary in order to properly analyze the poem. I came to a consensus on both the tension, and the resolving of it. A poems diction plays a fundamental role in analyzing a poem, considering the text is all one(a) needs in order to discover the convey. My Papas Waltz is a fairly short poem, but the words have major impact. The word whiskey (Line 1) implies that the father is a drunk, and this makes the boy dizzy, (Line 2) or in other words, it sickens him. The poem claims the boy is small, making him sound fragile, playing into the next few lines of the poem. shoemakers last (Line 3) is a negative connot ation, along with battered (Line 10), beat (Line 13), and caked hard (Line 14). Romped (Line 5) has a positive denotation suggesting harmless roughhousing. The word countenance (Line 7) does not flow at bottom the stanza, sounding sharp and negative, paralleling the mothers stern disapproval. Hung (Line 3) is past tense, therefore the poem is a reflection of an earlier time. Waltzed (Line 15) takes on a different meaning beyond the dance, making it a synonym for taking someone somewhere. Understanding the words of a poem was the first step in order to analyze My Papas Waltz using this methodology. Not only the words, but the figures of speech and other such elements are important to analyzing the poem. Alliteration is seen throughout the completed poem, as in lines one through four, and seven through eight. The alliteration in one through four (whisky, waltzing, was) flows nicely, contrasting to the negativity of the first stanza, bandage seven through eight (countenanc e, could) sound unpleasing to the ear, emphasizing the mothers disapproval. The imagery of the father beating time on the childs head with his palm sounds harmful, as well as the image of the fathers bruised hands holding the childs wrists. It portrays the dad as having an crowning(prenominal) power over the child, instead of holding his hands, he grabs his wrists.

John Howard Griffin and Black Like Me :: Black Like Me Essays

joke Howard gryphon and slow Like MeJohn Howard Griffin was a journalist and a specialist on race issues. After publication, he became a leading advocate in the Civil Rights Movement and did much to promote awareness of the racial situations and pass legislature. He was middle aged and living in Mansfield, Texas at the time of publication in 1960. His desire to bop if Southern whites were racist against the pitch blackness population of the rich South, or if they really judged people based on the individuals personality as they said they prompted him to cross the color line and write Black Like Me. Since discourse between the white and African American races did not exist, neither race really knew what it was like for the other. Due to this, Griffin felt the single way to know the truth was to become a total darkness man and survive through the South. His trip was financed by the internationally distributed Negro magazine mahogany tree in replace for the right to print ex cerpts from the finished product. After three weeks in the Deep South as a black man John Howard Griffin produced a 188-page journal covering his transition into the black race, his travels and experiences in the South, the shift back into white society, and the reaction of those heknew prior his experonce the book was publish and released.John Howard Griffin began this novel as a white man on October 28, 1959 and became a black man (with the help of a noted dermatologist) on November 7. He entered black society in New Orleans through his contact Sterling, a shoe shine boy that he had met in the age prior to the medicine taking full effect. Griffin stayed with Sterling at the shine stand for a few days to become assimilated into the society and to regard more active the attitude and mindset of the common black man. After one week of trying to find work other than menial labor, he left to travel throughout the Southern states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas.November 14, the d ay he decided to leave, was the day after the Mississippi jury refused to indict or consider the register in the mack Parker kidnap-lynch murder case. He decided to go into the heart of Mississippi, the Southern state most feared by blacks of that time, just to see if it really did induce the wonderful human relationship with theirJohn Howard Griffin and Black Like Me Black Like Me EssaysJohn Howard Griffin and Black Like MeJohn Howard Griffin was a journalist and a specialist on race issues. After publication, he became a leading advocate in the Civil Rights Movement and did much to promote awareness of the racial situations and pass legislature. He was middle aged and living in Mansfield, Texas at the time of publication in 1960. His desire to know if Southern whites were racist against the Negro population of the Deep South, or if they really judged people based on the individuals personality as they said they prompted him to cross the color line and write Black Like Me. Si nce communication between the white and African American races did not exist, neither race really knew what it was like for the other. Due to this, Griffin felt the only way to know the truth was to become a black man and travel through the South. His trip was financed by the internationally distributed Negro magazine Sepia in exchange for the right to print excerpts from the finished product. After three weeks in the Deep South as a black man John Howard Griffin produced a 188-page journal covering his transition into the black race, his travels and experiences in the South, the shift back into white society, and the reaction of those heknew prior his experonce the book was published and released.John Howard Griffin began this novel as a white man on October 28, 1959 and became a black man (with the help of a noted dermatologist) on November 7. He entered black society in New Orleans through his contact Sterling, a shoe shine boy that he had met in the days prior to the medication taking full effect. Griffin stayed with Sterling at the shine stand for a few days to become assimilated into the society and to learn more about the attitude and mindset of the common black man. After one week of trying to find work other than menial labor, he left to travel throughout the Southern states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas.November 14, the day he decided to leave, was the day after the Mississippi jury refused to indict or consider the evidence in the Mack Parker kidnap-lynch murder case. He decided to go into the heart of Mississippi, the Southern state most feared by blacks of that time, just to see if it really did have the wonderful relationship with their